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US Code, Title 1 (2011 edition)
US Code, Title 1 (2011 edition) — GENERAL PROVISIONS
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<title>U.S.C. Title 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
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<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;">1 U.S.C. </span><br/>
<span style="font-size:10pt">United States Code, 2011 Edition</span><br/>
<span style="font-size:10pt">Title 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS</span><br/>
<span style="font-size:10pt">From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, <a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a></span><br/><br/>
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<h1 class="usc-title-head">TITLE 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS</h1>
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<p class="usc-title-ital-spanner">This title was enacted by act July 30, 1947, ch. 388, §1, 61 Stat. 633</p>
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<div><div class="analysis-head-left">Chap.</div><div class="analysis-head-right">Sec.</div></div>
<div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">1.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Rules of construction</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1</div></div>
<div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">2.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Acts and resolutions; formalities of enactment; repeals; sealing of instruments</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">101</div></div>
<div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">3.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Code of Laws of United States and Supplements; District of Columbia Code and Supplements</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">201</div></div>
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<h4 class="note-head">Positive Law; Citation</h4>
<p class="note-body">This title has been made positive law by section 1 of act July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633, which provided in part that: “Title 1 of the United States Code entitled ‘General Provisions’, is codified and enacted into positive law and may be cited as ‘1 U. S. C., §——.’ ”</p>
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<h4 class="note-head">Repeals</h4>
<p class="note-body">Section 2 of act July 30, 1947, provided that the sections or parts thereof of the Statutes at Large or the Revised Statutes covering provisions codified in this Act are repealed insofar as the provisions appeared in former Title 1, and provided that any rights or liabilities now existing under the repealed sections or parts thereof shall not be affected by the repeal.</p>
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<h4 class="note-head">Writs of Error</h4>
<p class="note-body">Section 23 of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 990, provided that: “All Acts of Congress referring to writs of error shall be construed as amended to the extent necessary to substitute appeal for writ of error.”</p>
<table class="uscdispo3col" cellspacing="0" width="700"><caption><cap-smallcap>Table Showing Disposition of All Sections of Former Title </cap-smallcap>1</caption>
<tr><th id="row0col0"><em>Title 1 Former Sections </em></th><th id="row0col1"><em>Revised Statutes <p class="intabledata">Statutes at Large </p></em></th><th id="row0col2"><em>Title 1 New Sections </em></th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">1</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §1</td>
<td class="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">2</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §2</td>
<td class="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">3</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §3</td>
<td class="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">4</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §4</td>
<td class="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">5</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §5</td>
<td class="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">6</td>
<td class="middle">June 11, 1940, ch. 325, §1, 54 Stat. 305</td>
<td class="right">6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">21</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §7</td>
<td class="right">101</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">22</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §8</td>
<td class="right">102</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">23</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §9</td>
<td class="right">103</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">24</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §10</td>
<td class="right">104</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">25</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §11</td>
<td class="right">105</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">26</td>
<td class="middle">Nov. 1, 1893, 28 Stat. App. 5</td>
<td class="right">106</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 2, 1895, ch. 177, §1, 28 Stat. 769.</td>
<td class="right"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">27 </td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 6, 1920, ch. 94, §1, 41 Stat. 520</td>
<td class="right">107</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">28</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §12</td>
<td class="right">108</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">29</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §13</td>
<td class="right">109</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 22, 1944, ch. 123, 58 Stat. 118.</td>
<td class="right"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">29a</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §5599</td>
<td class="right">110</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">29b</td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 3, 1933, ch. 202, §3, 47 Stat. 1431</td>
<td class="right">111</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">30</td>
<td class="middle">Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §73, 28 Stat. 615</td>
<td class="right">112</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="middle">June 20, 1936, ch. 630, §9, 49 Stat. 1551.</td>
<td class="right"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="middle">June 16, 1938, ch. 477, §1, 52 Stat. 760.</td>
<td class="right"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">30a</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §908</td>
<td class="right">113</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">31</td>
<td class="middle">R.S., §6</td>
<td class="right">114</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">51a</td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, §1, 45 Stat. 1540</td>
<td class="right">201</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">52</td>
<td class="middle">May 29, 1928, ch. 910, §2, 45 Stat. 1007</td>
<td class="right">202</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, §2, 45 Stat. 1541.</td>
<td class="right"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">53</td>
<td class="middle">May 29, 1928, ch. 910, §3, 45 Stat. 1007</td>
<td class="right">203</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">54</td>
<td class="middle">May 29, 1928, ch. 910, §4, 45 Stat. 1007</td>
<td class="right">204</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, §3, 45 Stat. 1541.</td>
<td class="right"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">54a</td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, §4, 45 Stat. 1542</td>
<td class="right">205</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 4, 1933, ch. 282, §1, 47 Stat. 1603.</td>
<td class="right"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="middle">June 13, 1934, ch. 483, §§1, 2, 48 Stat. 948.</td>
<td class="right"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">54b</td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, §5, 45 Stat. 1542</td>
<td class="right">206</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 4, 1933, ch. 282, §1, 47 Stat. 1603.</td>
<td class="right"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left"></td>
<td class="middle">June 13, 1934, ch. 483, §§1, 2, 48 Stat. 948.</td>
<td class="right"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">54c</td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, §6, 45 Stat. 1542</td>
<td class="right">207</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">54d</td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, §7, 45 Stat. 1542</td>
<td class="right">208</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">55</td>
<td class="middle">May 29, 1928, ch. 910, §5, 45 Stat. 1007</td>
<td class="right">209</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">56</td>
<td class="middle">May 29, 1928, ch. 910, §6, 45 Stat. 1007</td>
<td class="right">210</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">57</td>
<td class="middle">May 29, 1928, ch. 910, §7, 45 Stat. 1008</td>
<td class="right">211</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">58</td>
<td class="middle">May 29, 1928, ch. 910, §8, 45 Stat. 1008</td>
<td class="right">212</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">59</td>
<td class="middle">May 29, 1928, ch. 910, §10, 45 Stat. 1008</td>
<td class="right">213</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="left">60</td>
<td class="middle">Mar. 3, 1933, ch. 202, §2, 47 Stat. 1431</td>
<td class="right">Rep.</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<h3 class="chapter-head"><strong>CHAPTER 1—RULES OF CONSTRUCTION</strong></h3>
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<div><div class="analysis-head-left">Sec.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">1.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Words denoting number, gender, etc.<sup><a href="#CHAPTER1_1_target" name="CHAPTER1_1">1</a></sup></div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">2.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">“County” as including “parish”, etc.<sup><a href="#CHAPTER1_1_target" name="CHAPTER1_1">1</a></sup></div></div>
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<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">3.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">“Vessel” as including all means of water transportation.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">4.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">“Vehicle” as including all means of land transportation.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">5.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">“Company” or “association” as including successors and assigns.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">6.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Limitation of term “products of American fisheries.”</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">7.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Definition of “marriage” and “spouse”.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">8.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">“Person”, “human being”, “child”, and “individual” as including born-alive infant.</div></div>
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<h4 class="note-head">Amendments</h4>
<p class="note-body"><b>2002</b>—Pub. L. 107–207, §2(b), Aug. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 926, added item 8.</p>
<p class="note-body"><b>1996</b>—Pub. L. 104–199, §3(b), Sept. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2420, added item 7.</p>
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<p class="footnote"><a href="#CHAPTER1_1" name="CHAPTER1_1_target"><sup>1</sup> So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.</a></p>
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<h3 class="section-head">§1. Words denoting number, gender, and so forth</h3>
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<p class="statutory-body">In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, unless the context indicates otherwise—</p>
<!-- PDFPage:2 --><p class="statutory-body-1em">words importing the singular include and apply to several persons, parties, or things;</p>
<p class="statutory-body-1em">words importing the plural include the singular;</p>
<p class="statutory-body-1em">words importing the masculine gender include the feminine as well;</p>
<p class="statutory-body-1em">words used in the present tense include the future as well as the present;</p>
<p class="statutory-body-1em">the words “insane” and “insane person” and “lunatic” shall include every idiot, lunatic, insane person, and person non compos mentis;</p>
<p class="statutory-body-1em">the words “person” and “whoever” include corporations, companies, associations, firms, partnerships, societies, and joint stock companies, as well as individuals;</p>
<p class="statutory-body-1em">“officer” includes any person authorized by law to perform the duties of the office;</p>
<p class="statutory-body-1em">“signature” or “subscription” includes a mark when the person making the same intended it as such;</p>
<p class="statutory-body-1em">“oath” includes affirmation, and “sworn” includes affirmed;</p>
<p class="statutory-body-1em">“writing” includes printing and typewriting and reproductions of visual symbols by photographing, multigraphing, mimeographing, manifolding, or otherwise.</p>
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<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633; June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §6, 62 Stat. 859; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, §1, 65 Stat. 710.)</p>
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<h4 class="note-head">Amendments</h4>
<p class="note-body"><b>1951</b>—Act Oct. 31, 1951, substituted, in fourth clause after opening clause, “used” for “use”.</p>
<p class="note-body"><b>1948</b>—Act June 25, 1948, included “tense”, “whoever”, “signature”, “subscription”, “writing” and a broader definition of “person”.</p>
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<h4 class="note-head">Short Title of 2002 Amendment</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 107–207, §1, Aug. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 926, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 8 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Born-Alive Infants Protection Act of 2002’.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">Short Title of 1996 Amendment</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 104–199, §1, Sept. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2419, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 7 of this title and section 1738C of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the ‘Defense of Marriage Act’.”</p>
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<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 112–74</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 112–74, §3, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 787, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 112–55</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 112–55, §3, Nov. 18, 2011, 125 Stat. 552, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 112–10</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 112–10, div. A, title IX, §9015, Apr. 15, 2011, 125 Stat. 102, provided that: “Any reference to ‘this Act’ in this division [Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2011, see Tables for classification] shall apply solely to this division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 111–118</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 111–118, §3, Dec. 19, 2009, 123 Stat. 3409, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in any division of this Act [Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2010, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 111–117</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 111–117, §3, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3035, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 111–8</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 111–8, §3, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 525, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in any division of this Act [Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 111–5</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 111–5, §4, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 116, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in any division of this Act [American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 110–329</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 110–329, §3, Sept. 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 3574, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ or ‘this joint resolution’ contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 110–161</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 110–161, §3, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1845, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 110–116</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 110–116, §2, Nov. 13, 2007, 121 Stat. 1295, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in any division of this Act [see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referencing only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 109–289</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 109–289, div. A, title VIII, §8112, Sept. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 1299, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in this division [Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2007, see Tables for classification] shall be referring only to the provisions of this division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 109–148</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 109–148, div. B, title V, §5002, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2813, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in either division A [Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2006, see Tables for classification] or division B [Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and Pandemic Influenza, 2006, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 109–115</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VIII, §847, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2507, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained <!-- PDFPage:3 -->in this division [Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of this division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 108–447</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 108–447, §3, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2810, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 108–199</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 108–199, §3, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">References in Pub. L. 108–7</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 108–7, §3, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 12, provided that: “Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘this Act’ contained in any division of this joint resolution [Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.”</p>
<h4 class="note-head">Continental United States</h4>
<p class="note-body">Section 48 of Pub. L. 86–70, June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 154, provided that: “Whenever the phrase ‘continental United States’ is used in any law of the United States enacted after the date of enactment of this Act [June 25, 1959], it shall mean the 49 States on the North American Continent and the District of Columbia, unless otherwise expressly provided.”</p>
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<h3 class="section-head">§2. “County” as including “parish”, and so forth</h3>
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<p class="statutory-body">The word “county” includes a parish, or any other equivalent subdivision of a State or Territory of the United States.</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- documentid:1_3 usckey:010000000000300000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:3 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 3 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAE -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 1-RULES OF CONSTRUCTION!@!Sec. 3 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§3. “Vessel” as including all means of water transportation</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">The word “vessel” includes every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water.</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- documentid:1_4 usckey:010000000000400000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:3 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 4 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAF -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 1-RULES OF CONSTRUCTION!@!Sec. 4 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§4. “Vehicle” as including all means of land transportation</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">The word “vehicle” includes every description of carriage or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on land.</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- documentid:1_5 usckey:010000000000500000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:3 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 5 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAG -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 1-RULES OF CONSTRUCTION!@!Sec. 5 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§5. “Company” or “association” as including successors and assigns</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">The word “company” or “association”, when used in reference to a corporation, shall be deemed to embrace the words “successors and assigns of such company or association”, in like manner as if these last-named words, or words of similar import, were expressed.</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- documentid:1_6 usckey:010000000000600000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:3 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 6 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAH -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 1-RULES OF CONSTRUCTION!@!Sec. 6 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§6. Limitation of term “products of American fisheries”</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">Wherever, in the statutes of the United States or in the rulings, regulations, or interpretations of various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States there appears or may appear the term “products of American fisheries” said term shall not include fresh or frozen fish fillets, fresh or frozen fish steaks, or fresh or frozen slices of fish substantially free of bone (including any of the foregoing divided into sections), produced in a foreign country or its territorial waters, in whole or in part with the use of the labor of persons who are not residents of the United States.</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- documentid:1_7 usckey:010000000000700000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:3 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 7 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAI -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 1-RULES OF CONSTRUCTION!@!Sec. 7 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§7. Definition of “marriage” and “spouse”</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the word “marriage” means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the word “spouse” refers only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife.</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(Added Pub. L. 104–199, §3(a), Sept. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2419.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- documentid:1_8 usckey:010000000000800000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:3 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 8 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAJ -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 1-RULES OF CONSTRUCTION!@!Sec. 8 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§8. “Person”, “human being”, “child”, and “individual” as including born-alive infant</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">(a) In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the words “person”, “human being”, “child”, and “individual”, shall include every infant member of the species homo sapiens who is born alive at any stage of development.</p>
<p class="statutory-body">(b) As used in this section, the term “born alive”, with respect to a member of the species homo sapiens, means the complete expulsion or extraction from his or her mother of that member, at any stage of development, who after such expulsion or extraction breathes or has a beating heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, regardless of whether the umbilical cord has been cut, and regardless of whether the expulsion or extraction occurs as a result of natural or induced labor, cesarean section, or induced abortion.</p>
<p class="statutory-body">(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to affirm, deny, expand, or contract any legal status or legal right applicable to any member of the species homo sapiens at any point prior to being “born alive” as defined in this section.</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(Added Pub. L. 107–207, §2(a), Aug. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 926.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- documentid:1_-ch2 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:3 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 2 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAK -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 2-ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES OF ENACTMENT; REPEALS; SEALING OF INSTRUMENTS -->
<!-- field-start:structuralhead -->
<h3 class="chapter-head"><strong>CHAPTER 2—ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES OF ENACTMENT; REPEALS; SEALING OF INSTRUMENTS</strong></h3>
<!-- field-end:structuralhead -->
<!-- field-start:analysis -->
<div class="analysis">
<div><div class="analysis-head-left">Sec.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">101.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Enacting clause.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">102.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Resolving clause.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">103.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Enacting or resolving words after first section.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">104.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Numbering of sections; single proposition.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">105.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Title of appropriation Acts.<!-- PDFPage:4 --></div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">106.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Printing bills and joint resolutions.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">106a.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Promulgation of laws.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">106b.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Amendments to Constitution.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">107.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Parchment or paper for printing enrolled bills or resolutions.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">108.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Repeal of repealing act.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">109.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Repeal of statutes as affecting existing liabilities.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">110.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Saving clause of Revised Statutes.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">111.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Repeals as evidence of prior effectiveness.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">112.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Statutes at Large; contents; admissibility in evidence.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">112a.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">United States Treaties and Other International Agreements; contents; admissibility in evidence.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">112b.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">United States international agreements; transmission to Congress.</div></div>
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">113.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">“Little and Brown's” edition of laws and treaties; slip laws; Treaties and Other International Act <sup><a href="#CHAPTER2_1_target" name="CHAPTER2_1">1</a></sup> Series; admissibility in evidence.</div></div>
</div>
<p> </p>
<div class="analysis">
<div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">114.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Sealing of instruments.</div></div>
</div>
<p> </p>
<!-- field-end:analysis -->
<!-- field-start:notes -->
<!-- field-start:amendment-note -->
<h4 class="note-head">Amendments</h4>
<p class="note-body"><b>1972</b>—Pub. L. 92–403, §2, Aug. 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 619, added item 112b.</p>
<p class="note-body"><b>1966</b>—Pub. L. 89–497, §2, July 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 271, inserted “slip laws; Treaties and Other International Acts Series;” in item 113.</p>
<p class="note-body"><b>1951</b>—Act Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, §2(a), 65 Stat. 710, added items 106a and 106b.</p>
<p class="note-body"><b>1950</b>—Act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1001, §3, 64 Stat. 980, added item 112a.</p>
<!-- field-end:amendment-note -->
<!-- field-end:notes -->
<!-- field-start:footnote -->
<p class="footnote"><a href="#CHAPTER2_1" name="CHAPTER2_1_target"><sup>1</sup> So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.</a></p>
<!-- field-end:footnote -->
<!-- documentid:1_101 usckey:010000000010100000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:4 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 2/Sec. 101 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAL -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 2-ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES OF ENACTMENT; REPEALS; SEALING OF INSTRUMENTS!@!Sec. 101 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§101. Enacting clause</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">The enacting clause of all Acts of Congress shall be in the following form: “Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled.”</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- documentid:1_102 usckey:010000000010200000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:4 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 2/Sec. 102 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAM -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 2-ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES OF ENACTMENT; REPEALS; SEALING OF INSTRUMENTS!@!Sec. 102 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§102. Resolving clause</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">The resolving clause of all joint resolutions shall be in the following form: “Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled.”</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- documentid:1_103 usckey:010000000010300000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:4 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 2/Sec. 103 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAN -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 2-ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES OF ENACTMENT; REPEALS; SEALING OF INSTRUMENTS!@!Sec. 103 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§103. Enacting or resolving words after first section</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">No enacting or resolving words shall be used in any section of an Act or resolution of Congress except in the first.</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- documentid:1_104 usckey:010000000010400000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:4 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 2/Sec. 104 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAO -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 2-ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES OF ENACTMENT; REPEALS; SEALING OF INSTRUMENTS!@!Sec. 104 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§104. Numbering of sections; single proposition</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">Each section shall be numbered, and shall contain, as nearly as may be, a single proposition of enactment.</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- documentid:1_105 usckey:010000000010500000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:4 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 2/Sec. 105 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAP -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 2-ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES OF ENACTMENT; REPEALS; SEALING OF INSTRUMENTS!@!Sec. 105 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§105. Title of appropriation Acts</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">The style and title of all Acts making appropriations for the support of Government shall be as follows: “An Act making appropriations (here insert the object) for the year ending September 30 (here insert the calendar year).”</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634; Pub. L. 93–344, title V, §506(a), July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 322.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- field-start:notes -->
<!-- field-start:amendment-note -->
<h4 class="note-head">Amendments</h4>
<p class="note-body"><b>1974</b>—Pub. L. 93–344 substituted “September 30” for “June 30”.</p>
<!-- field-end:amendment-note -->
<!-- field-start:effectivedate-amendment-note -->
<h4 class="note-head">Effective Date of 1974 Amendment</h4>
<p class="note-body">Section 506(b) of Pub. L. 93–344, which provided that the amendment of this section by Pub. L. 93–344 was effective with respect to Acts making appropriations for the support of the Government for any fiscal year commencing on or after Oct. 1, 1976, was omitted in the complete revision of title V of Pub. L. 93–344 by Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, §13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–609.</p>
<!-- field-end:effectivedate-amendment-note -->
<!-- field-end:notes -->
<!-- documentid:1_106 usckey:010000000010600000000000000000000 currentthrough:20120103 documentPDFPage:4 -->
<!-- itempath:/010/CHAPTER 2/Sec. 106 -->
<!-- itemsortkey:010AAAQ -->
<!-- expcite:TITLE 1-GENERAL PROVISIONS!@!CHAPTER 2-ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES OF ENACTMENT; REPEALS; SEALING OF INSTRUMENTS!@!Sec. 106 -->
<!-- field-start:head -->
<h3 class="section-head">§106. Printing bills and joint resolutions</h3>
<!-- field-end:head -->
<!-- field-start:statute -->
<p class="statutory-body">Every bill or joint resolution in each House of Congress shall, when such bill or resolution passes either House, be printed, and such printed copy shall be called the engrossed bill or resolution as the case may be. Said engrossed bill or resolution shall be signed by the Clerk of the House or the Secretary of the Senate, and shall be sent to the other House, and in that form shall be dealt with by that House and its officers, and, if passed, returned signed by said Clerk or Secretary. When such bill, or joint resolution shall have passed both Houses, it shall be printed and shall then be called the enrolled bill, or joint resolution, as the case may be, and shall be signed by the presiding officers of both Houses and sent to the President of the United States. During the last six days of a session such engrossing and enrolling of bills and joint resolutions may be done otherwise than as above prescribed, upon the order of Congress by concurrent resolution.</p>
<!-- field-end:statute -->
<!-- field-start:sourcecredit -->
<p class="source-credit">(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)</p>
<!-- field-end:sourcecredit -->
<!-- field-start:notes -->
<!-- field-start:effectivedate-note -->
<h4 class="note-head">Reference to OBRA; Effective Date; Ratification of Enrollment Corrections and Printed Enrollment</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 100–360, title IV, §411(a), July 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 768, provided that:</p>
<p class="note-body">“(1) <cap-smallcap>Reference</cap-smallcap>.—In this section, the term ‘OBRA’ refers to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (Public Law 100–203) [Pub. L. 100–203, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330, see Tables for classification].</p>
<p class="note-body">“(2) <cap-smallcap>Effective date</cap-smallcap>.—Except as specifically provided in this section, the amendments made by this section [amending sections 254<em>o</em>, 294f, 300aa–12, 300aa–15, 300aa–21, 426, 704, 912, 1320a–7, 1320a–7a, 1320a–7b, 1320b–5, 1320b–7, 1320b–8, 1320c–3, 1320c–5, 1320c–9, 1395e, 1395h, 1395i–2, 1395i–3, 1395k, 1395<em>l</em>, 1395m, 1395u, 1395w–1, 1395w–2, 1395x, 1395y, 1395aa, 1395bb, 1395cc, 1395dd, 1395gg, 1395mm, 1395ss, 1395tt, 1395ww, 1395aaa, 1395bbb, 1395ccc, 1396a, 1396b, 1396d, 1396j, 1396n, 1396<em>o</em>, 1396p, 1396r, 1396r–1, 1396r–3, 1396r–4, 1396s, and 1397d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending provisions set out as notes under sections 426, 1320a–7a, 1320c–2, 1320c–3, 1395b–1, 1395h, 1395i–3, 1395<em>l</em>, 1395m, 1395n, 1395u, 1395w–1, 1395x, 1395aa, 1395dd, 1395mm, 1395ss, 1395ww, 1395bbb, 1396a, 1396b, and 1396r of Title 42, and repealing provisions set out as notes under section 1395<em>l</em> of Title 42], as they relate to a provision in OBRA, shall be effective as if they were included in the enactment of that provision in OBRA.</p>
<p class="note-body">“(3) <cap-smallcap>Ratification of enrollment corrections and printed enrollment.—</cap-smallcap></p>
<p class="note-body-1em">“(A) <cap-smallcap>In general</cap-smallcap>.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the enrollment corrections noted in footnotes numbered 9 through 72 of OBRA are hereby ratified and shall be considered to have been enacted <!-- PDFPage:5 -->as part of OBRA. The printed enrollment of title IV of OBRA [Pub. L. 100–203, title IV, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–39], as prepared and printed under section 8004 of OBRA [section 8004 of Pub. L. 100–203, set out below] (including the footnote corrections described in subparagraph (B) and as incorporating the clarifications described in subparagraph (C)), shall be deemed to constitute title IV of OBRA as enacted.</p>
<p class="note-body-1em">“(B) <cap-smallcap>Footnote corrections</cap-smallcap>.—(i) With respect to the reference to which footnote 28 relates (101 Stat. 1330–81), the reference shall be deemed to have read ‘1320a–7b)’.</p>
<p class="note-body-1em">“(ii) With respect to the word to which footnote 30 relates (101 Stat. 1330–91), the word shall be deemed to have read ‘the’.</p>
<p class="note-body-1em">“(iii) With respect to the designation to which footnote 52 relates (101 Stat. 1330–151), the designation shall be deemed to have read ‘(F)’.</p>
<p class="note-body-1em">“(C) <cap-smallcap>Clarifications of illegible matter</cap-smallcap>.—(i) Section 1842(n)(1)(A) of the Social Security Act, as added by section 4051(a) of OBRA (101 Stat. 1330–93) [42 U.S.C. 1395m(n)(1)(A)], is deemed to have the phrase ‘the supplier's reasonable charge to individuals enrolled under this part for the test’ immediately after ‘or, if lower, the’.</p>
<p class="note-body-1em">“(ii) Section 1834(a)(7)(B)(i) of the Social Security Act, as inserted by section 4062(b) of OBRA (101 Stat. 1330–103) [42 U.S.C. 1395m(a)(7)(B)(i)], is deemed to have a reference to ‘1987’ immediately after ‘December’.”</p>
<!-- field-end:effectivedate-note -->
<!-- field-start:miscellaneous-note -->
<h4 class="note-head">Printed Enrollments Prepared After Enactment</h4>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 106–93, Nov. 10, 1999, 113 Stat. 1310, provided: “That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived for the remainder of the first session of the One Hundred Sixth Congress with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any bill or joint resolution making general appropriations or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2000. The enrollment of any such bill or joint resolution shall be in such form as the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.”</p>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 105–253, Oct. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1887, provided: “That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived for the remainder of the One Hundred Fifth Congress with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any bill or joint resolution making general appropriations or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1999. The enrollment of any such bill or joint resolution shall be in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.”</p>
<p class="note-body">Pub. L. 105–120, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2527, provided: “That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived for the balance of the first session of the One Hundred Fifth Congress with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any bill or joint resolution making general appropriations for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 1998, or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 1998. The enrollment of any such bi…
